In this document we are going to learn the differents rates that the American Literature developed. Of course, they are the most outstanding of the American Literature.
The
First American Literature: Native
Americans
0
Communicated orally
0
Myths and legends
0
Focus on nature; creation stories
ENLIGHTENMENT (1607-1800)
(TWO phases: Pilgrims/religion
& Patriots/politics)
The Age of
Faith (1607-1750)
I. Historical Context
A. Puritans and Pilgrims
1. separated from the
Anglican church of England
2. religion dominated their
lives and writings
B. Work ethic - belief in hard work and
simple, no-frills living
II.
Genre/Style
A. sermons, diaries, personal
narratives, slave narratives
B. instructive
C. plain style
III.
Major writers
A. Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672)
1. first published American
poet
2.
"To My Dear and Loving Husband"
B. Edward Taylor (1645-1729)
1. Minister; considered the
finest Puritan poet
2.
"Huswifery"
C.
Jonathan Edwards
1. Minister
2. "Sinners in the Hands
of an Angry God"
The Age of
Reason (1750-1800)
I. Historical context
A. American Revolution; growth of
patriotism
B. Development of American
character/democracy
C. Use of reason as opposed to faith
alone
II.
Genre/Style
A. political pamphlets, essays, travel
writing, speeches, documents
B. instructive in values; highly ornate
writing style
III.
Major writers
A. Ben Franklin
1. Autobiography & Poor
Richard's Almanac
2. Symbol of success gained
by hard work and common sense
B. Thomas Jefferson
1. Declaration of Independence
2. Considered
the finest writer of the era
C. Thomas Paine
1. Pamphleteer
2. "The American
Crisis" helped propel us into war
3. Remains a model of
effective propaganda
4. "These are the times
that try men's souls."
ROMANTICISM
(1800-1855)
I.
Historical context
A. Expansion of book publishing,
magazines, newspapers
B. Industrial Revolution
C. Abolitionist movement
II.
Genre/Style
A. Short stories, novels, poetry,
B.
Imagination over reason; intuition over fact
C. Focused on the fantastic of human
experience
D. Writing that can be interpreted 2
ways: surface and in depth
E. Focus
on inner feelings
F. Gothic
literature (sub-genre of Romanticism)
1. Use of the supernatural
2. Characters with both evil
and good characteristics
3. Dark landscapes; depressed
characters
III.
Major writers
A.
Washington Irving
(1789-1851)
1. first famous American
writer; called "father of American Lit"
2. wrote short stories,
travel books, satires
3. Legend of Sleepy Hollow: terrified generations of children
4. Rip Van Winkle: created success from failure; the antihero
5. "Devil and Tom
Walker": an encounter-with-the-devil tale
B.
Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)
1. wrote about
sin and guilt; consequences of pride, selfishness, etc.
2. The Scarlet Letter
3. Short stories ("The
Minister's Black Veil")
C.
Edgar Allen Poe (1809-1849)
1. lousy childhood; substance
abuse problems
2. created the modern short story and
detective story
D.
Herman Melville (1819-1891)
1. ranked as
one of America's
top novelists, but recognized by few in his own time
2. Moby Dick
a. didn't
sell: only his friend NH liked it; not reprinted for 60 yrs.
b. now considered America's
greatest prose epic
The Transcendentalists (1840-1855)
1.
Transcendentalism: stressed individualism, intuition,
nature, self-reliance
2. Ralph Waldo Emerson
(1803-1882)
a. his
writings helped establish the philosophy of individualism, an idea deeply
embedded in American culture
b.
"Nature"
3. Henry David Thoreau
(1817-1862)
a. resisted
materialism; chose simplicity, individualism
b. Walden
1. lived
on Walden Pond for 2+ years
2. a guidebook
for life, showing how to live wisely in a world designed to make wise living
impossible
REALISM
(1865-1915)
I.
Historical context
A. Civil War
brings demand for a "truer" type of literature that doesn't idealize
people or places
B. People in society defined by
"class"; materialism
C. Reflect
ideas of Darwin
(survival of the fittest) and Marx (how money and class structure control a
nation)
II.
Genre/Style
A. Realism
1. a
reaction against romanticism; told it like it was
2. focus
on lives of ordinary people; rejected heroic and adventurous
3. anti-materialism;
rejected the new "class" system
4. view
of nature as a powerful and indifferent force beyond man's control
B. Naturalism
(sub-genre of Realism)
1. like Realism but a darker view of the world
2. the universe is unpredictable; fate is
determined by chance; free will is an illusion
3. characters' lives shaped by forces they can't
understand or control
C. Novels, short stories
D. Often aims to change a specific
social problem
E. Dominant themes: survival, fate, violence,
nature as an indifferent force
III.
Major writers
A. The Civil War (1855-1865)
1. Harriet
Beecher Stowe (1811-1896)
a.
The most famous woman of her day
b. Uncle
Tom's Cabin
(1). most influential book of the 19th Century;
1st to sell 1 mil. copies
(2). one of
the most effective documents of propaganda; helped fuel the Civil War
2. Frederick Douglas
(1817-1895)
a. an escaped slave;
one of the most effective orators of his day
b. influential
newspaper writer; militant abolitionist; diplomat
c. autobiography an
instant and enduring classic of courage
B.
The Frontier (1865-1915)
1. Mark Twain (1835-1910)
a. Samuel Langhorne
Clemens is widely thought to be the greatest American
humorist and one of our greatest novelists
b. used vernacular, exaggeration,
deadpan narrator to create humor
c. “Celebrated
Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” (tall tale)
d. Adventures of Tom Sawyer
e. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (one of America's
most influential novels)
f. Life on the Mississippi (a memoir)
2. Jack London
a. pushed Naturalism
to its limits
b. Call of the Wild (tame dog forced to
revert to his original primitive state)
c. “To Build a Fire”
(survival of the fittest)
3. The Local Colorists
(1865-1930)
a. Regional
writers tried to capture the essence of a particular area, or its "local
color"
Casino-Home-Casino.us - Mapyro
ResponderEliminarCasino-Home-Casino.us is located in Downtown Las Vegas at 475 S Las Vegas Blvd. South, 원주 출장마사지 in 광주 출장안마 Las 상주 출장마사지 Vegas, NV. Read reviews and get directions, Rating: 3.6 · 2 의정부 출장안마 votes · Price range: $$$Is Casino-Home-Casino.us open?Is 경산 출장안마 Casino-Home-Casino.us safe?